What does John 10:28 mean?

Explanation

John 10:28 speaks powerfully about the relationship between Jesus Christ and those who follow him.

Literally, this verse indicates that Jesus gives his followers eternal life, promising an existence that surpasses death.

The security it portrays is grounded in the assertion that the believers shall never be destroyed and that no one can remove them from Jesus' protection.

The phrase "pluck them out of my hand" employs the metaphor of a shepherd's care and ownership over his sheep, echoing earlier verses where Jesus describes himself as the good shepherd.

The deeper meaning suggests that once a person becomes a follower of Christ, their salvation is secure in the hands of Jesus, implying an assurance of preservation and safety provided by divine power.

Historical Context

The Gospel of John, generally believed to have been written between AD 90 and 100, contains a unique portrayal of Jesus compared to the three synoptic gospels, Matthew, Mark, and Luke.

John's account places significant emphasis on Jesus' divinity and includes more direct comparisons to eternal, universal themes.

The immediate context of John 10 involves Jesus speaking about his role as the good shepherd, a speech delivered at the Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah) in Jerusalem.

In this historically charged setting, Jesus is affirming his divinity and his mission, poles apart from the prevailing Jewish expectation of a political messiah.

Theological Insights

The theology presented in John 10:28 is consistent with Christian doctrines of eternal security and perseverance of the saints.

This verse is often cited in support of the belief that once salvation is granted to a believer, it cannot be forfeited.

Different Christian denominations interpret this assurance of salvation in various ways.

For example, Calvinists regard it as evidence of unconditional election and perseverance while Arminians might emphasize the need for continued faith to maintain this gift.

Additionally, there is a suggestion of predestination in this verse, hinting that those who are given to Christ have been chosen by God.

Practical Applications

Practically speaking, the assurance promised in John 10:28 can offer significant comfort and motivation for believers. Knowing that their eternal destiny is secure in Christ can provide peace of mind and encouragement to live morally upright lives out of gratitude.

This verse also challenges Christians to trust in the protective power of Jesus, promoting a sense of spiritual peace amidst trials, and encourages them to persevere in their faith despite external threats or internal doubts.

Cross-References

• John 10:27-29: "My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me (...) And my Father, which gave them me, is greater than all; and no man is able to pluck them out of my Father's hand."
• Romans 8:38-39: "For I am persuaded, that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, (...) nothing shall be able to separate us from the love of God, which is in Christ Jesus our Lord."
• Philippians 1:6: "Being confident of this very thing, that he which hath begun a good work in you will perform it until the day of Jesus Christ:"

Language Study

The original Greek phrase translated as "pluck them out" is "ἁρπάσει αὐτά," from the verb "harpazo," which means to seize or carry off by force.

It conveys a strong sense of snatching away or taking by force, which is prevented by Jesus' guarding hand.

The use of the word "hand" (cheir in Greek) is metaphorical, signifying power and possession, and provides a sense of personal care and protection.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The concept of divine beings granting eternal life or protection can be found in other cultural myths and religious traditions. For instance, in ancient Egyptian religion, the god Osiris offers eternal life to those who pass the judgment in the afterlife.

However, the Christian concept as portrayed in John 10:28 is unique in its emphasis on a personal and unbreakable relationship between the believer and divinity, without the need for subsequent judgement or deeds to maintain this status.

Scientific Perspectives

The notion of eternal life in John 10:28 is naturally beyond the scope of empirical science as it pertains to the metaphysical, addressing the nature of existence beyond physical death.

However, science has been interested in the effects of religious belief on human psychology and behavior. It has been observed that deep-seated beliefs in eternal safety and security can influence one's stress levels, coping mechanisms, and overall mental well-being.

Commentaries

Biblical scholars and theologians have provided diverse perspectives on John 10:28.

For example, William Barclay notes the comforting power of the certainty provided by this verse.

Meanwhile, D.A.

Carson highlights the sovereignty of Christ in the believer's security.

Matthew Henry's commentary emphasizes the willing following of sheep (believers) to Christ's voice, underscoring the intimate relationship between Jesus and his followers.

Overall, while interpretations vary somewhat, there's a consensus that this verse articulates a profound truth about the divine protection and eternal life promised to Christ's followers.