What does John 13:27 mean?

Explanation

John 13:27 describes a pivotal moment during the Last Supper, where Jesus Christ, having just identified Judas Iscariot as his betrayer, instructs him to quickly do what he is about to do.

The phrase "after the sop" refers to the moment when Jesus gave Judas a piece of bread dipped in the dish, a gesture that culturally signified honor or friendship.

The text explicitly states that "Satan entered into him," indicating that Judas was under demonic influence when he decided to betray Jesus.

This act of handing the sop can be interpreted both literally, as a part of the meal, and metaphorically, as the final push towards the inevitable betrayal.

Jesus' words, "That thou doest, do quickly," may indicate his acceptance of the events that are to occur and the fulfillment of God's plan for redemption.

Historical Context

John 13:27 occurs within the narrative of the Last Supper in the Gospel of John, written approximately between AD 90 and 110.

The Last Supper was a Passover meal that Jesus shared with his twelve disciples the night before his crucifixion.

This was a highly significant Jewish festival commemorating the Israelites' liberation from slavery in Egypt.

The gospel authors, writing within a predominantly Jewish context, would often highlight concepts of betrayal, sacrifice, and redemption that resonated deeply within their cultural and historical milieu.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse is heavy with the themes of predestination and free will. The fact that Jesus predicts Judas' betrayal and the entry of Satan into him raises questions about Judas' role in the divine plan.

Some theologians assert that Judas exercised his free will in choosing to betray Jesus, while others argue that his actions were predetermined as part of the salvific plan of God.

Furthermore, the presence of evil, personified as Satan, emphasizes the cosmic struggle between good and evil that culminates in the events of the crucifixion and resurrection.

Practical Applications

The teachings of this verse can remind believers of the importance of spiritual vigilance and the reality of spiritual warfare in daily life. There's also a lesson in humility and the acknowledgement of human vulnerability to sin.

In addition, the verse can serve as a caution against betrayal and the need for fidelity and loyalty in relationships. It also encourages individuals to carry out their responsibilities quickly and effectively, especially in difficult situations where delay might worsen the outcome.

Cross-References

• Matthew 26:24-25: The prediction of Judas' betrayal by Jesus during the Last Supper.
• Luke 22:3-6: The account of Satan entering Judas before he sought the chief priests to betray Jesus.
• John 6:70-71: Jesus' earlier acknowledgment of the presence of a betrayer among his disciples.

Language Study

In the original Greek text, particular attention is given to the phrase "Satan entered into him" (ὁ Σατανᾶς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς ἐκεῖνον).

The verb εἰσῆλθεν (eisēlthen), meaning "entered," stresses a movement or transition, suggesting a change in Judas' state of being.

The use of ἐκεῖνον (ekeinon), translated as "him," accentuates Judas’ identity as the one being possessed.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The concept of a betrayal leading to a significant turn of events is found in various mythologies.

For example, in Greek mythology, the betrayal of Zeus by Prometheus, who gave fire to humanity, led to profound consequences for gods and men.

In religious texts, such as the Bhagavad Gita, the themes of duty and destiny are prominent, echoing the idea of a preordained path that one must follow regardless of personal choice.

Scientific Perspectives

While contemporary science does not validate the existence of supernatural entities like Satan, the psychological and sociological aspects of betrayal and group dynamics, such as those seen within Jesus' group of disciples, are widely acknowledged.

Research in cognitive neuroscience may interrelate how external influencers may significantly alter an individual's decision-making process, comparable to the external spiritual influence described in the verse.

Commentaries

Matthew Henry's Commentary suggests that Satan's role in Judas' betrayal was allowed by God as part of the divine plan.

He also elaborates on Jesus' command for Judas to do what he intends quickly, interpreting it as an exposure of Judas' hypocrisy and an end to his pretense of friendship.

The Expositor's Bible Commentary notes the tragic nature of Judas' choice, emphasizing his personal responsibility despite the fulfillment of prophecy.

John Calvin's Commentary examines the paradox of Jesus' foreknowledge and Judas' free will, stating that God's sovereign plan does not excuse human wickedness.