What does John 13:28 mean?

Explanation

John 13:28 refers to a specific moment during the Last Supper, a pivotal event in the life of Jesus Christ and his disciples.

This verse comes shortly after Jesus predicts his betrayal and refers to an interaction between Jesus and Judas Iscariot.

The verse indicates that when Jesus speaks to Judas, possibly when he tells him "That thou doest, do quickly" (John 13:27), none of the other disciples understand the true meaning behind Jesus' words. They are unaware that Jesus is addressing the imminent betrayal by Judas, one of their own.

This suggests themes of misunderstanding, secrecy, and the fulfillment of a divine plan that is hidden from the disciples at the time.

Historical Context

The Gospel of John was written in the late first century, and John 13:28 describes an event at the Last Supper, which is the final meal Jesus shared with his disciples before his crucifixion.

This was a Passover meal, aligning with the Jewish tradition and commemorating liberation from Egypt.

The historical setting involves tense relations between Jewish authorities and Jesus, and the atmosphere in the narrative is charged with foreboding and expectation.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, this verse underscores the concept of divine foreknowledge where Jesus knows the course of future events, including his betrayal and death.

It also reflects on the human elements within the divine narrative, Judas is internally conflicted but fulfills the role allotted to him in the passion story.

The verse can also be viewed through the lens of predestination vs. free will, as it raises questions about Judas' agency in the act of betrayal.

Practical Applications

Practically, John 13:28 might inspire individuals to consider the role of trust and transparency in their lives.

It can serve as a reminder that not everything is transparent at first glance, and sometimes, deeper truths are revealed over time.

It also challenges believers to remain faithful, even when they do not fully understand the events unfolding around them.

Trusting in a higher plan is a key lesson drawn from this verse.

Cross-References

• John 13:22: "Then the disciples looked one on another, doubting of whom he spake."
• John 13:27: "And after the sop Satan entered into him.

Then said Jesus unto him, That thou doest, do quickly."

• Matthew 26:24-25: "The Son of man goeth as it is written of him: but woe unto that man by whom the Son of man is betrayed! it had been good for that man if he had not been born."
• Luke 22:21: "But, behold, the hand of him that betrayeth me is with me on the table."

Language Study

The key phrase in the original Greek for "for what intent he spake this unto him," is "πρὸς τί εἶπεν αὐτῷ τοῦτο." The word "πρὸς" (pros) often means "for" or "towards," indicating purpose or direction. "τί" (ti) translates as "what," and "εἶπεν" (eipen) is the aorist tense of "to say" or "to speak." A detailed analysis reveals that the disciples were unsure of the purpose (πρὸς) behind Jesus' words to Judas.

Understanding this construction emphasises the confusion and lack of awareness of the disciples at that moment.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In ancient cultures, the theme of betrayal by a close companion is a recurring motif.

For example, in Greek mythology, the story of Cronus betraying his father Uranus or in Roman history, the betrayal of Julius Caesar by Brutus.

In these stories, like in the narrative of Judas' betrayal of Jesus, the act leads to significant events, overthrow and transformation.

Scientific Perspectives

Modern psychology examines betrayal and its effects on group dynamics and trust.

From a scientific standpoint, one might analyze the mental states of both Jesus and the disciples during such intense stress.

It discusses the nature of free will when subjected to extreme pressure, as in the case of Judas, who is portrayed both as fulfilling a necessary role but also as making a conscious decision to betray Jesus.

Commentaries

John Calvin's commentary on this verse notes the sovereign ordinance of God in these events, stating that Jesus displayed sublime confidence by keeping his composure.

Matthew Henry's commentary suggests that though none of the disciples understood the reason behind Jesus' words, they were content in their ignorance, trusting in Jesus without question.

Other scholars note the dramatic irony in this passage, the audience of the gospel, unlike the disciples, is well aware of the significance of Jesus' words.