What does John 19:39 mean?

Explanation

John 19:39 mentions Nicodemus, a Pharisee and a member of the Jewish ruling council, who initially approached Jesus in secrecy by night as recorded in John 3.

The verse details his return after the crucifixion of Jesus, bringing a large amount of myrrh and aloes for Jesus’ burial preparation.

The weight of the spices, "about an hundred pound," is significant, indicating both his wealth and the honor he wished to bestow upon Jesus.

Myrrh and aloes were commonly used as part of the Jewish burial customs to anoint the body and slow the decay process.

Nicodemus’s actions also demonstrate a boldness that contrasts with his earlier secret visit; he now publicly shows his respect and care for Jesus.

Historical Context

The event described takes place immediately following the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, during a period when Judaism was the predominant religion in Judea under Roman occupation.

Burial customs of the time called for the body to be anointed with spices, and the wealth of spices brought by Nicodemus suggests a burial befitting someone of high status.

The mention of Nicodemus, a member of the Sanhedrin (Jewish ruling council), indicates the complexities among Jewish leaders regarding their views on Jesus.

Some, like Nicodemus, came to believe in Jesus despite potential personal and political risks.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, Nicodemus’s contribution to Jesus’ burial can be seen as a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies regarding the Messiah being buried with the rich (Isaiah 53:9).

It can also represent the transformation of belief; Nicodemus went from a secret follower to one who openly displayed his reverence for Christ.

Theologically, this passage has been seen as an exemplification of the profound impact Jesus had on individuals across different strata of society, leading them to acts of great faith and devotion.

Practical Applications

The narrative of Nicodemus in John 19:39 provides a practical application for believers in the form of courage to express their faith publicly.

Even in modern times, professing one's beliefs can come with social or personal risk.

Nicodemus serves as an example of moving from fear to a bold declaration of faith through his actions.

The act of honoring Jesus in death also speaks to the respect and care for the physical bodies and the mourning rituals that are part of many contemporary religious practices.

Cross-References

• John 3:1-2: "There was a man of the Pharisees, named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews: The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him."
• Isaiah 53:9: "And he made his grave with the wicked, and with the rich in his death; because he had done no violence, neither was any deceit in his mouth."

Language Study

• "Nicodemus" (Greek: Νικόδημος, Nikodēmos): The name means "victor of the people" or "conqueror."
• "Myrrh" (Greek: σμύρνα, smyrna): A fragrant spice and was traditionally used in anointing and embalming.
• "Aloes" (Greek: ἀλόη, aloē): Refers to an aromatic substance derived from plants, used in burial processes for its perfume and preservative qualities.
• "Pound" (Greek: λίτρα, litra): A Roman pound (libra) roughly equivalent to 12 ounces or 327 grams, thus a hundred pounds would be a considerable quantity.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In other cultures and religions, burial practices similarly involve anointing the dead with spices or other substances.

For example, in ancient Egypt, bodies were embalmed with oils and resins.

In the context of other ancient myths, deities and heroes are often given extravagant burials, and their tombs become important cultural symbols.

Nicodemus's act of providing spices aligns with broader commemorative practices of honoring notable individuals through the ages.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific perspective, myrrh and aloes have properties that may have had practical applications in ancient burial customs. Both substances are known for their preservative and antiseptic qualities, which would help inhibit the decay of the corpse in the period before burial.

While modern embalming techniques are more advanced, the use of spices points to an early understanding of the need to care for the body post-mortem.

Commentaries

Various biblical scholars and commentators note that Nicodemus's actions highlight his personal growth and increased commitment to Jesus. They often discuss the contrast between his initial secret conversation with Jesus in John 3 and his bold, public actions in John 19.

Commentators may also point out the lavish quantity of spices brought by Nicodemus, emphasizing the significance of Jesus' death and burial.

Some scholars delve into the prophetic fulfillment aspect, while others focus on the cultural and religious implications of burial practices during that time.