What does John 4:6 mean?

Explanation

John 4:6 speaks of Jesus' physical humanity and his moment of rest at Jacob's well after a long journey.

The verse highlights Jesus' weariness and the fact that he sat down, indicating his full participation in the human experience, including fatigue.

The reference to the "sixth hour" is typically understood to mean around noon, the middle of the day when the sun is at its highest and the heat likely the most intense, which would contribute to Jesus' weariness.

This verse sets the stage for the subsequent encounter between Jesus and the Samaritan woman at the well, an important narrative that addresses issues of social norms, religious prejudices, and the living water that Jesus offers.

Historical Context

John 4:6 is situated within the context of Jesus' ministry as recorded by the Apostle John.

This well, mentioned as Jacob's well, is significant due to its connection to the patriarch Jacob, making it a place of historical and religious importance.

Samaritans and Jews shared a common ancestry but had divergent beliefs and were often at odds.

By Jesus' time, Samaria had developed its own cultural identity distinct from that of the Jews.

The location of this narrative in Samaria allows for an exploration of the boundaries Jesus was willing to cross in order to communicate his message of salvation.

Theological Insights

Different theological interpretations arise from John 4:6.

One perspective emphasizes the incarnation, noting that Jesus, although divine, felt human weariness.

Another insight pertains to the mission of Jesus to reach out to those who are marginalized or considered unclean, as the Samaritans were by the Jews.

The reference to the "sixth hour" also has theological significance for some scholars, as it may symbolize a moment of revelation or spiritual epiphany, as well as a connection to the hour of Jesus' crucifixion, which is also said to occur at the sixth hour (as per John 19:14).

Practical Applications

This verse encourages believers to rest and take care of their physical needs, acknowledging that Jesus himself did so.

It also serves as a reminder to break down social barriers and engage with those who are different from us, as Jesus did with the Samaritan woman that followed after this verse.

The practical application of this verse calls for a balance between the physical and spiritual aspects of life, and an inclusive approach to sharing one's beliefs with others.

Cross-References

• Genesis 33:19: "And he bought a parcel of a field, where he had spread his tent, at the hand of the children of Hamor, Shechem's father, for an hundred pieces of money."
• John 19:14: "And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King!"
• Matthew 11:28-29: "Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest.

Take my yoke upon you, and learn of me; for I am meek and lowly in heart: and ye shall find rest unto your souls."

• John 4:10: "Jesus answered and said unto her, If thou knewest the gift of God, and who it is that saith to thee, Give me to drink; thou wouldest have asked of him, and he would have given thee living water."

Language Study

Key words in the original Greek text of John 4:6 include:

• "wearied" (κεκοπιακώς): This verb is related to the Greek word κόπος, meaning labor or fatigue, indicating physical tiredness.
• "well" (πηγή): It can mean a fountain or a well, referring here specifically to Jacob's well, which was an actual, historical location.
• "sixth hour" (ἕκτη ὥρα): According to Jewish timekeeping, this would be around noon.

Roman timekeeping, which may have influenced the author of John, would place it at 6 PM.

The cultural context usually favors the former.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Jacob's well can be compared to other significant religious sites in various cultures that are identified as having special spiritual significance or being places of divine-human encounter.

In Greek mythology, for instance, fountains and wells were often depicted as places where nymphs lived or where oracles, such as at Delphi, might be found.

In religious traditions around the world, physical locations often gain significance because of their association with spiritual ancestors or events, much like Jacob's well in Samaritan and Jewish traditions.

Scientific Perspectives

From a modern scientific standpoint, Jesus' need for rest and water can be seen as a reflection of basic human physiology and the necessity of hydration, especially in a hot, arid climate like that of ancient Samaria.

Additionally, the well's mention connects to the importance of reliable water sources in ancient communities, something that is still crucial in our understanding of societal development and public health.

Commentaries

Contemporary biblical scholars and theologians offer diverse viewpoints on John 4:6.

Some focus on the historical and cultural significance of Jesus being in Samaria and the implications for Jewish-Samaritan relations. Others draw attention to the humanity of Jesus displayed in his fatigue and the model it sets for self-care.

Commentators also explore the juxtaposition of Jesus' physical thirst with the theme of "living water" that he discusses later in the chapter.

They may also discuss the significance of the timing of the encounter, as midday encounters in the biblical narratives often imply a turning point or significant event.