What does Matthew 11:14 mean?

Explanation

The verse in question, Matthew 11:14, is part of a dialogue where Jesus is speaking to a crowd about John the Baptist.

He states, "And if ye will receive it, this is Elias, which was for to come." Here, 'Elias' is the Greek form of the Hebrew name 'Elijah.' The literal meaning is that Jesus is identifying John the Baptist as Elijah, the Old Testament prophet who was expected to return before the "great and terrible day of the Lord," as prophesied in Malachi 4:5.

On a deeper level, this verse suggests the concept of prophetic fulfillment, John the Baptist is presented as fulfilling the expectation of Elijah's return, and this serves as a significant signal for the initiation of the Messianic age in Christian belief.

Historical Context

During the time of Jesus, there were expectations among the Jewish people of prophetic figures returning, including Elijah, who was taken up to heaven in a whirlwind and was expected to return before the arrival of the Messiah (Malachi 4:5-6).

This expectation was rooted in Jewish eschatology, the part of theology concerned with the final events in the history of the world or of humankind.

The New Testament places the life and ministry of John the Baptist within this context of anticipation, presenting him as a forerunner to Jesus, who is identified as the Messiah.

Theological Insights

There are varying theological insights regarding this verse. For traditional Christian interpretations, the verse affirms that Old Testament prophecies are fulfilled in the New Testament.

Some see this as a metaphorical fulfillment, with John the Baptist coming "in the spirit and power of Elijah" (Luke 1:17) rather than as a literal reincarnation. Others may interpret Jesus' words more eschatologically, viewing John as a symbolic precursor who ushers in the end times.

Practical Applications

The teachings of this verse can apply to daily life in the way individuals perceive the fulfillment of promises or expectations.

It can serve as a reminder to be open to unexpected ways in which significant changes or fulfillments might occur.

For believers, it also emphasizes the importance of recognition and acceptance of divine work in the world.

Cross-References

• Malachi 4:5-6 (KJV): "Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and dreadful day of the LORD:"
• Luke 1:17 (KJV): "And he shall go before him in the spirit and power of Elias, to turn the hearts of the fathers to the children, and the disobedient to the wisdom of the just; to make ready a people prepared for the Lord."
• Matthew 17:10-13 (KJV): Disciples asking Jesus about the coming of Elijah and Jesus' confirmation that John the Baptist fulfilled this role.

Language Study

In the original Greek text, the key word is "Ἠλίας" (Elias), which is Elijah in English.

The term "μέλλων" (mellon) translated as 'was for to come' indicates an expected, future event or role. In this particular verse, the choice of words underscores the prophetic nature of John the Baptist's role as forerunner to Jesus.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In various ancient cultures, there are myths of foretold returns or reincarnations of significant figures.

For example, in some strands of Buddhism, there is the belief in the coming of Maitreya, a future Buddha.

In Zoroastrianism, there is a belief in the coming of a figure named Saoshyant, a world savior.

These comparisons illustrate a common theme across different religions of awaiting a transformative figure.

Scientific Perspectives

The verse itself does not directly present any scientific claims.

However, from a scientific viewpoint, discussions could revolve around the psychology of belief and expectation or the role of archetypal figures in human consciousness and society.

There is no scientific basis for a literal return of historical figures, but the impact of such beliefs on human culture and behavior is a worthy area of study.

Commentaries

Many biblical scholars and commentators have reflected on this verse.

For instance, John Calvin saw this as an allegorical return of Elijah rather than a literal one, with John's mission continuing the work of Elijah.

Matthew Henry's commentary suggests that Christ declares the greatness of John's office and shows that John was the promised Elijah.

Others, like William Barclay, note that people often miss the work of God because they expect it to come in a way or form that conforms to their preconceived notions, rather than in the surprising ways God might choose to operate.