What does Matthew 23:34 mean?

Explanation

Matthew 23:34 reflects Jesus' condemnation of the religious leaders of His time – the Pharisees and scribes. He criticizes them for their hypocritical practices and their historical pattern of persecuting those sent by God, which included prophets, wise men, and scribes.

The verse indicates that Jesus will send such messengers, and they too will suffer persecution, even to the point of death.

This persecution may range from execution, crucifixion, to public beatings in synagogues, and harassment throughout various cities.

Jesus is speaking prophetically about the future suffering His followers will endure for His name's sake.

Historical Context

When Matthew's Gospel was written, the early Christian community was experiencing severe persecution.

Although the exact date of the Gospel's authorship is debated, it is generally placed between 70-110 AD, a period during which Christians were facing hostility from both Roman authorities and Jewish religious leaders.

Matthew 23:34 should be seen in the light of this conflict.

The crucifixion referred to not only serves as a foreshadowing of Jesus' own death but also references the brutal Roman punishment.

The mention of scourging in synagogues signifies the internal Jewish conflict, reflecting that followers of Jesus were increasingly being cast out of traditional Jewish life.

Theological Insights

Throughout various theological perspectives, Matthew 23:34 highlights God's foreknowledge of persecution and the cost of discipleship.

In a predestinarian view, it might reflect the belief that God has willed these hardships for a greater purpose.

From a liberation theology standpoint, this verse can be seen as a solidarity with the oppressed and a promise that their suffering is known and remembered by God.

More traditional interpretations may see it as a call to faithfulness despite persecution, emphasizing that God's prophets and messengers have historically faced opposition.

Practical Applications

In a practical sense, Matthew 23:34 serves as a reminder for believers to expect opposition for their faith.

It encourages resilience and steadfastness in the face of persecution.

This can apply to facing ridicule or exclusion in modern society for holding Christian beliefs or advocating for moral stances that run counter to the cultural mainstream.

Christians are called to respond with love and forgiveness, much like Jesus, and shoulder their crosses, whatever form they may take.

Cross-References

• Matthew 5:11-12: "Blessed are ye, when men shall revile you, and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil against you falsely, for my sake."
• John 15:18-20: "If the world hate you, ye know that it hated me before it hated you."
• Acts 7:52: "Which of the prophets have not your fathers persecuted? and they have slain them which shewed before of the coming of the Just One; of whom ye have been now the betrayers and murderers:"

Language Study

Certain key words in the original Greek text of Matthew 23:34 provide depth to its meaning:

• "Prophets" (προφήτας, prophētas): Implies God's spokespeople.
• "Wise men" (σοφούς, sophous): Could be teachers of wisdom or those with spiritual insight.
• "Scribes" (γραμματεῖς, grammateis): Experts in Jewish Law.
• "Scourge" (μαστιγόω, mastigoō): To flog or whip, a common punishment in synagogues for heresy.
• "Persecute" (διώκω, diōkō): To pursue in a hostile manner.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

This verse has parallels in other religious traditions that also recount the suffering of their prophets and wise individuals.

For instance, in Islamic tradition, many prophets face rejection and persecution.

In broader cultural settings, tales of wise individuals or heroes suffering due to their mission or message are common motifs, underscoring a universal archetype of the messenger who endures hardship for a greater good.

Scientific Perspectives

The scientific community does not typically weigh in on theological matters such as those found in Matthew 23:34; however, the effects of persecution on individuals and communities are well-studied.

Psychological research has addressed the impact of persecution and trauma, including stress, resilience, group identity, and post-traumatic growth.

Commentaries

Commentators from various biblical perspectives offer insights into Matthew 23:34.

Some like John Calvin have noted the verse's indication of the inevitability of persecution for Christ's disciples.

Others, such as the notes in the Catholic study bibles, see the mention of sending prophets and wise men as illustrating the continuity of God's attempt to reach out to His people and their repeated rejection of His messengers.

Liberal theologians may emphasize the social justice element, interpreting the verse as a call to support those who speak truth to power and face consequences as a result.