What does Matthew 5:19 mean?
Explanation
Matthew 5:19 speaks to the importance of the commandments in Christianity, indicating that the law of God is not to be taken lightly.
In this verse, Jesus emphasizes that not only the major laws are important, but also the "least" of the commandments hold significance. This statement underscores the idea that obedience to God's law is critical and that even the smallest deviation is noticeable in the eyes of God.
The verse differentiates between two types of individuals: those who break the commandments and teach others to do the same, and those who follow the commandments and teach them to others.
The former will be ranked "least" in the kingdom of heaven, which implies some form of hierarchical order within the heavenly realm based upon one's faithfulness to God's law.
The latter, who obey and instruct others accordingly, will be considered "great" in heaven.
Jesus is highlighting the value of not only personal adherence to the law but also the act of guiding others to do the same.
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Historical Context
The Gospel of Matthew is thought to have been written between AD 80 and 90, a time when early Christians were navigating their identity and practices in the context of both Jewish tradition and the Roman Empire.
Matthew's audience likely consisted of Jewish Christians who were struggling with how to uphold the Law of Moses in their new faith context.
In the Sermon on the Mount, from which Matthew 5:19 is taken, Jesus addressed a crowd that would have been familiar with Jewish Law.
This particular verse serves to connect the new teachings of Jesus to the traditional Jewish respect for the law.
He emphasized continuity rather than abolition of the law, reassuring His followers that the old teachings were not to be discarded.
Theological Insights
Different theological perspectives interpret Matthew 5:19 in varying ways:
- Conservative interpretation: Some argue this verse confirms the eternal relevance of the Old Testament law and that Christians are to follow it in letter and spirit.
- Liberal interpretation: Others suggest that Jesus was redefining the importance of the law, emphasizing the spirit of the law rather than strict adherence to its letter.
- Dispensationalism: This view suggests that the law was only for a particular era and that with Jesus' death and resurrection, Christians are no longer under the Mosaic law, but under grace.
Regardless of the viewpoint, most agree that Jesus is pushing for a deeper righteousness that goes beyond mere legalism.
Practical Applications
In daily life, this verse inspires the faithful to give weight to all aspects of their moral and spiritual obligations, no matter how minor they may seem. It encourages integrity and consistency in teaching and living out one's beliefs.
Furthermore, it promotes mentorship and accountability among members of the community to support each other in the practice of their faith.
Cross-References
- James 2:10: "For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all."
- Galatians 3:10: "For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them."
- Luke 16:17: "And it is easier for heaven and earth to pass, than one tittle of the law to fail."
Language Study
In the original Greek text of Matthew 5:19, key words include:
- "least" (elachistos): This implies something small or minor in size or importance.
- "break" (lyo): This term can mean to destroy, dissolve, or undo, suggesting a departure from the law.
- "commandments" (entole): It refers to the ordinances or precepts, particularly pointing to those given by God.
- "kingdom of heaven" (Basileia tōn Ouranōn): It is a Matthew-specific term for the reign or realm of God.
Cultural and Religious Comparisons
Similar to Judaism's reverence for the law, other ancient cultures, such as the Babylonians with the Code of Hammurabi, held the rule of law in high regard.
Religious parallels can be drawn between Matthew 5:19 and other religious traditions that emphasize law or moral codes, such as Islam's Sharia law, Hinduism's Dharma, and Buddhism's Five Precepts.
Scientific Perspectives
While the verse in question does not lend itself directly to scientific exploration, the broader dialogue about the importance of minor details, such as "the least" of the commandments, can be paralleled in the scientific world where small variables can significantly impact outcomes in experiments and observations across various fields of study.
Commentaries
Commentaries on Matthew 5:19 typically explore the relationship between the Old Testament law and New Testament grace.
For instance, the Pulpit Commentary interprets this verse as Jesus' reaffirmation of the Law of Moses, arguing that it was not His intent to abolish the law, but to fulfill and perfect it.
Matthew Henry's Commentary emphasizes the seriousness with which believers should treat all of God's commandments, both great and small.
Moreover, many scholars agree that this verse is a call to righteousness that exceeds the Pharisaic adherence to the letter of the law, advocating for an inner transformation that reflects true obedience to God's commandments.