What does Matthew 6:1 mean?

Explanation

Matthew 6:1 warns against performing acts of charity for the sake of public recognition rather than out of genuine compassion or devotion to God.

The verse essentially teaches that the motive behind good deeds should be to serve God and help others, not to gain praise or approval from people.

When Jesus says, "otherwise ye have no reward of your Father which is in heaven," He implies that acts done for show may win human admiration but will not lead to a heavenly reward.

Historical Context

During the time of Jesus, Jewish society placed great emphasis on piety, and acts of charity (almsgiving), prayer, and fasting were highly regarded religious practices. These acts were often performed publicly to show one's religious devotion.

However, Jesus criticized this practice, as He believed that it led to spiritual hypocrisy and a focus on self-righteousness rather than on love for God and neighbor.

Theological Insights

From an evangelical perspective, this verse is often seen as an affirmation of the purity of heart and intentions as essential for a genuine relationship with God.

From a Catholic viewpoint, while good works are an important component of faith, they should not be done for the sake of appearances.

In contrast, liberation theology might focus on the social implications of this teaching, emphasizing that acts of charity should be driven by a genuine commitment to social justice and the betterment of the marginalized.

Practical Applications

Matthew 6:1 can be applied in daily life by encouraging individuals to evaluate their motivations for doing good deeds.

It suggests that one should check their ego and refrain from ostentatious displays of generosity or piety. Instead, a believer should engage in charitable acts with humility and a sincere desire to help, without expecting recognition or reward.

Cross-References

• Matthew 6:2-4: "Therefore when thou doest thine alms, do not sound a trumpet before thee, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and in the streets, that they may have glory of men.

Verily I say unto you, They have their reward."

• Luke 18:10-14: The parable of the Pharisee and the tax collector, where the Pharisee is depicted praying ostentatiously while the tax collector prays humbly.
• Matthew 23:5: "But all their works they do for to be seen of men..."

Language Study

The key term in the original Greek manuscript of Matthew 6:1 is "alms" (δικαιοσύνη, dikaiosynē), which often translates to righteousness or justice and can refer to acts of charity or righteous deeds.

The important aspect here is the intent behind these deeds, with an emphasis on genuine righteousness rather than public display.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparable teachings can be found in other religious and cultural traditions.

For example, in Islam, there is a concept of Sadaqah, which refers to voluntary giving done in secret so that the left hand does not know what the right hand has given.

In Hinduism, the Bhagavad Gita (17.20) echoes a similar sentiment, where charity given grudgingly or with the expectation of return is considered of lesser spiritual worth.

Scientific Perspectives

From a psychological perspective, studies on altruism suggest that people are often motivated to help others due to a variety of factors, including social recognition.

However, the greatest psychological and societal benefits tend to occur when acts of kindness are motivated by genuine empathy rather than a desire for social gain.

Commentaries

Biblical scholars and theologians offer a variety of perspectives on this verse.

For example, John Stott, a prominent evangelical leader and theologian, comments on this verse by highlighting the importance of integrity and authenticity in one’s faith journey, suggesting that true discipleship requires actions that flow from a heart dedicated to God.

Similarly, William Barclay, a biblical scholar, emphasizes the inward spiritual discipline that this verse advocates, contrasting sincere faith with religious practices aimed at acquiring public esteem.