What does Romans 11:5 mean?

Explanation

Romans 11:5 refers to the concept of 'remnant' in the context of the Jewish people during the time of Apostle Paul.

A 'remnant' is a small part or portion that remains after the main part has gone or been taken or used.

In theological terms, it often signifies a small minority that remains faithful to God's commands amidst a society that has largely turned away.

In this particular verse, Paul is speaking about how, even in his time, there was a 'remnant' of Israelites who were faithful to God, not because of their own works or efforts, but because of God's gracious choosing or election.

The deeper meaning suggests the continuity of God’s purpose and His faithfulness to His promises.

Despite widespread disobedience or unbelief amongst the Israelites, God has not abandoned His people entirely.

Instead, He has preserved a faithful group, chosen not because of their superiority or actions, but out of His unmerited favor and grace.

Historical Context

Romans 11:5 is situated in a section where Paul is addressing the situation of Israel in the economy of God, particularly in relation to the burgeoning Christian faith which was spreading among Gentiles.

Historically, Paul is writing to the church in Rome, a mixed community of Jews and Gentiles, around 56-58 A.D. During this period, there is also the tension between Jewish Christians and Gentile Christians, along with the wider issue of the rejection of Jesus by a majority of the Jewish people.

Theological Insights

This verse sparks various theological discussions.

From a Calvinist standpoint, the concept of 'election' underscores the sovereignty of God in salvation, He chooses certain individuals to be saved, irrespective of human merit.

In contrast, an Arminian interpretation would emphasize God's foreknowledge of those who would choose Him, rather than a predestined election without foreseen faith.

The notion of 'remnant theology' also has implications for understanding God's promises to Israel and how they extend or are fulfilled in the Christian Church.

Practical Applications

For everyday living, Romans 11:5 can inspire individuals to maintain faithfulness in a culture that may often seem indifferent or even hostile to spiritual values.

It is a reminder that being part of God's people is not about superiority or earned status, but a testament to God's grace. It encourages humility and gratitude, recognizing that one's standing with God is not a personal achievement.

Cross-References

• Romans 9:27: "Isaiah also crieth concerning Israel, Though the number of the children of Israel be as the sand of the sea, a remnant shall be saved:"
• Isaiah 10:21-22: "The remnant shall return, even the remnant of Jacob, unto the mighty God.

For though thy people Israel be as the sand of the sea, yet a remnant of them shall return: the consumption decreed shall overflow with righteousness."

• Romans 11:7: "What then? Israel hath not obtained that which he seeketh for; but the election hath obtained it, and the rest were blinded"

Language Study

The key terms in this verse are "remnant" (Greek: λεἰμμα, leimma) which indicates what's left of a larger number or group, and "election" (Greek: ἐκλογή, eklogē), referring to the act of choosing or selection.

The term "grace" (Greek: χάρις, charis) denotes a gift or favor given without merit. Analyzing these terms in the original Greek can offer a nuanced understanding of how Paul constructs his argument regarding God's sovereign choice.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparisons may be drawn with other ancient cultures and religions that had similar concepts of a faithful remnant.

For example, in Zoroastrianism, a minority would stay true to their faith even in the decline of morality before the end of the world.

In the Jewish tradition itself, prophets like Elijah believed they were alone in their devotion to God, only to be reminded by God that He had preserved a remnant who had not bowed to Baal.

Scientific Perspectives

While Romans 11:5 does not directly relate to scientific perspectives, discussions on the interplay between divine action and human freedom might lead to dialogues around determinism and free will in the natural world and human psychology.

Scientifically, determining how individuals and groups make choices, and understanding the psychological processes behind beliefs and faithfulness, can interact with the theological concepts in this verse.

Commentaries

Many biblical scholars and theologians have commented on Romans 11:5.

For example, John Stott mentions in his commentary the mystery of divine sovereignty and human responsibility, and how God's grace operates regardless of human merit.

F.F.

Bruce discusses the remnant as the true Israel within Israel, a concept deeply rooted in Old Testament prophecy.

Douglas Moo emphasizes that Paul's point is not just historical but has ongoing implications for understanding God's dealings with Jews and Gentiles.