What does Ephesians 6:9 mean?

Explanation

Ephesians 6:9 provides direct instructions to Christian masters regarding their treatment of their slaves.

This verse is a call for equity, urging masters to relate to their slaves with the same attitude of service and submission to the Lord that slaves were expected to show toward their masters.

The admonition to "forbear threatening" implies that masters should abstain from intimidation and the harsh treatment that was commonly accepted at the time.

The deeper meaning suggests an underlying principle of mutuality and respect in relationships, grounded in the recognition that all people ultimately serve the same divine Master in heaven.

The verse also highlights a fundamental Christian tenet that God shows no partiality or favoritism, which implies that societal status confers no privilege before God.

Historical Context

Ephesians was likely written by the Apostle Paul or one of his followers between A.D. 60-80.

The letter was addressed to the church in Ephesus, a significant city in ancient Asia Minor (present-day Turkey) known for its cultural diversity and influence.

Slavery was a standard part of the social and economic structure of the Roman Empire during this time, and masters typically held significant power over their slaves.

The Epistle's instructions to masters were counter-cultural, advocating for a more humane and just treatment of slaves, which did not align with the normative Roman practices of the period.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, Ephesians 6:9 advances the idea that all believers, regardless of their social status, are equal before God.

This implies a level of mutual respect and dignity that should be evident in Christian behavior.

Theologically, the verse portrays God as the ultimate authority and master, which serves to relativize all human authority structures.

Moreover, the absence of partiality with God stresses that each person is valued equally in the divine economy, therefore shaping a Christian's understanding of human rights and relationships.

Practical Applications

In modern times, the principles in Ephesians 6:9 can be applied to employer-employee relationships, where employers are encouraged to treat their employees fairly, provide just compensation, and refrain from any form of coercion or unjust treatment.

It calls for a workplace environment where respect, kindness, and equality prevail.

It also has broader applications in any leadership or authoritative role, advocating for servant leadership that prioritizes the well-being of others.

Cross-References

• Colossians 4:1: "Masters, give unto your servants that which is just and equal; knowing that ye also have a Master in heaven."
• Acts 10:34: "Then Peter opened his mouth, and said, Of a truth I perceive that God is no respecter of persons:"
• James 2:1: "My brethren, have not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory, with respect of persons."
• 1 Peter 1:17: "And if ye call on the Father, who without respect of persons judgeth according to every man's work, pass the time of your sojourning here in fear:"

Language Study

The key phrase "forbearing threatening" derives from the Greek words "ἀνιέντες τὴν ἀπειλήν" (anientes ten apeilēn), with "ἀνιέντες" (anientes) meaning to loosen or relax and "ἀπειλήν" (apeilēn) meaning threat or intimidation.

The term "respect of persons" translates from the Greek "προσωπολημψία" (prosōpolēmpsia), which refers to partiality or favoritism based on outward appearance or status.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In comparison to other ancient cultures, Roman society accepted slavery as a given, with little concern for the humane treatment of slaves.

In contrast, Jewish laws from the Old Testament already contained provisions for the just treatment of slaves (Exodus 21:2-6). Still, Ephesians 6:9 goes further in breaking down social hierarchy by implying a common brotherhood under the authority of God.

Scientific Perspectives

Modern social sciences, such as psychology and sociology, validate the concept that fair and equitable treatment of individuals, regardless of their position in an organization, can lead to better mental health, workplace satisfaction, and improved societal standards.

Though not directly related to the "scientific," the verse's principles align with contemporary understandings of healthy social dynamics and organizational behavior.

Commentaries

Commentators on Ephesians have offered various insights into Ephesians 6:9.

Some, like John MacArthur, stress the mutual duties of slaves and masters, emphasizing the radical nature of Paul's instructions given the social norms of the day.

Matthew Henry comments on the necessity of masters recognizing their own Master in heaven, which should inform their dealings with those under their authority.

Craig S.

Keener, in his socio-rhetorical commentary, highlights the call for humane and fair treatment of subordinates as revolutionary in setting a new standard of behavior grounded in Christian ethics.