What does John 11:20 mean?

Explanation

John 11:20 reveals a moment of profound grief and expectation surrounding the death of Lazarus, the brother of Martha and Mary. In this narrative, Jesus, who has been informed about Lazarus's illness, arrives in Bethany after Lazarus has died.

It is Martha who takes the initiative to meet Jesus before he enters the village. Contrarily, Mary remains seated in the house.

The verse contrasts Martha's proactive approach with Mary's more reserved response to the situation.

This distinction may reflect their differing personalities or their ways of coping with grief.

Beyond its literal meaning, this verse also illustrates themes of faith, discipleship, and the differing reactions of individuals when confronted with challenges or the divine.

Historical Context

John 11:20 is part of the larger narrative of Lazarus's death and resurrection, an event believed to have taken place in the town of Bethany, near Jerusalem, during the period of Jesus's ministry.

The Gospel of John is traditionally thought to have been written in the first century AD, placing the event within the historical context of Jewish life under Roman occupation.

The cultural norms of the time would have prescribed mourning practices, which both Mary and Martha would have been observing. The text reflects the intimate relationship Jesus had with Lazarus and his sisters, suggesting that he was close to their family.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse can be interpreted from various perspectives.

From a traditional Christian viewpoint, Martha's decision to meet Jesus is seen as an act of faith and recognition of Jesus's authority over life and death.

Mary's staying behind might represent a more contemplative approach, oftentimes highlighting the different spiritual temperaments and the validity of diverse responses in faith experiences.

The verse also underscores the concept of individual choices in responding to Jesus's presence and call in their lives.

Practical Applications

Practically, John 11:20 can speak to individuals in their response to difficult situations.

It suggests that it is okay to approach and handle life's trials in distinct ways, much like Martha's active approach versus Mary's contemplative stillness.

It encourages believers to both actively seek Jesus in times of need and reflect on their circumstances in faith, acknowledging that each person may encounter and relate to the divine differently.

Cross-References

• John 11:1-44: The entire narrative of Lazarus's resurrection, providing context to the verse.
• Luke 10:38-42: Jesus visits Martha and Mary's home, illustrating the different personalities and approaches the two sisters have when interacting with Jesus.
• John 20:1-2: Mary Magdalene runs to tell Peter and John about the empty tomb, showing another instance of someone proactively seeking Jesus.
• Psalm 130:5: "I wait for the LORD, my soul doth wait, and in his word do I hope." A verse that can be paralleled with Mary's contemplativeness in remaining still.

Language Study

In the original Greek, the term for "went and met" is "ὑπάντησεν" (hypantesen), which carries the sense of going out to meet someone with intentionality.

This word demonstrates Martha’s deliberate act to encounter Jesus.

On the other hand, the term for "sat still" is "ἐκάθητο" (ekatheto), implying remaining in position or sitting down, signifying stillness or inaction.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In ancient cultural and religious settings, including Judaic traditions, it was common to display mourning outwardly.

Martha's act of going out to meet Jesus could have been seen as unorthodox since mourners typically remained at home to receive comfort from visitors.

The narrative might subtly challenge conventional customs of mourning, presenting a personal faith response that transcends cultural expectations.

Comparing to other ancient beliefs, bereaved individuals might consult oracles or gods for comfort; however, this narrative suggests direct engagement with the divine figure of Jesus.

Scientific Perspectives

Science provides insight into human behavior during bereavement, understanding that different people react differently to death and loss.

Psychological studies might explain Martha and Mary's responses as varying forms of grief processing, Martha through active engagement and problem-solving, Mary through passive contemplation and inward-focused coping.

The verse aligns with modern understandings of grief without contradicting psychological perspectives on human behavior during times of intense emotional stress.

Commentaries

Different Bible commentaries offer varied interpretations of John 11:20.

The Pulpit Commentary notes that Martha's immediate leaving to meet Jesus reflects her active character, contrasting with Mary's deeper and more emotional nature.

Matthew Henry's Commentary suggests that Martha's engagement is evidence of her strong faith, while Mary's stillness might reflect a sense of being overwhelmed by her sorrow.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers points out that while Martha goes to meet Jesus, it is not in a spirit of complaint but rather one of faith and hope that Jesus can still bring comfort or perform a miracle.

Overall, experts agree that this verse displays the uniqueness of individual faith responses within a shared narrative.