What does Matthew 10:11 mean?

Explanation

Matthew 10:11 contains instructions given by Jesus to His disciples as they were being sent out to preach the Kingdom of Heaven.

In essence, it instructs them to seek out a person of peace and hospitality, a "worthy" individual or family that would welcome them into their home.

This "worthiness" refers to an openness and receptiveness to the disciples and their message.

Abiding with such a person or family would grant them a stable base of operations within that town or city.

The deeper meaning behind it implies the importance of connecting with those who are receptive to spiritual teachings, and the act of sharing hospitality fostered communal bonds and mutual support.

Historical Context

When Jesus instructed His disciples in Matthew 10:11, they were being sent out in pairs to spread His teachings among the Jewish towns and villages. At that time, hospitality was a deeply ingrained cultural expectation in Near Eastern society.

It was customary for villagers to offer shelter and provisions to travelers. Jesus’ instructions to seek a 'worthy' individual aligns with this cultural norm, where such a person would likely understand and uphold this expectation of hospitality.

Theological Insights

From a theological perspective, this verse has been seen as an indication of the mutual relationship between the messenger and the receiver. The worthiness does not merely come from the receiver’s hospitality, but also from their openness to the Gospel.

Furthermore, different theologies might highlight the aspect of discipleship involving trust in God's provision through other people.

Some theologians also view the "worthy" person as symbolic of effective ministry; the Gospel will thrive where it is welcomed and valued.

Practical Applications

In practical terms, Matthew 10:11 can be applied by seeking out positive relationships within communities, organizations, or among peers that are supportive and constructive. It speaks to the wisdom of investing time and resources where there is a reciprocal acceptance and benefit.

Additionally, the concept of determining 'worthiness' can be extended to the discernment in various aspects of life, such as endeavors, relationships, and opportunities.

Cross-References

• Luke 10:5-7: "And into whatsoever house ye enter, first say, Peace be to this house.

And if the son of peace be there, your peace shall rest upon it: if not, it shall turn to you again.

And in the same house remain, eating and drinking such things as they give: for the labourer is worthy of his hire.

Go not from house to house."

• Acts 16:14-15: "And a certain woman named Lydia, a seller of purple, of the city of Thyatira, which worshipped God, heard us: whose heart the Lord opened, that she attended unto the things which were spoken of Paul.

And when she was baptized, and her household, she besought us, saying, If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and abide there.

And she constrained us."

Language Study

In the original Greek text, the word translated as "worthy" is ἀξιος (axios), which carries a sense of being deserving, suitable, or fitting.

The imperative "inquire" is from the Greek word ἐξετάζω (exetazō), which means to examine or search out carefully.

The emphasis here is on a discerning search for the right person or household.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparatively, the ancient practice of hospitality was not unique to Jewish culture.

Many ancient cultures, including Greek and Roman societies, highly valued hospitality and had gods specifically associated with it, such as Zeus Xenios in Greek mythology, the protector of guests.

In terms of religious interpretations, similar expectations of hospitality and finding receptive individuals can be found in other religious traditions, such as in the practice of Sufi dervishes who travelled and relied on the generosity of those who were open to their spiritual teachings.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific perspective, the concept of seeking "worthy" individuals may have social and psychological foundations.

Kin selection theory in evolutionary biology suggests humans may be more inclined to act altruistically towards those with whom they share a common goal or belief, as this would have been advantageous for survival.

Social psychology also addresses the principle of reciprocity which is ingrained in human behavior and is a building block for creating trust and social bonds in communities.

Commentaries

Biblical scholars and experts provide various interpretations of Matthew 10:11.

For instance, the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges notes the practical nature of this instruction for itinerant preaching.

John Calvin's Commentary on Matthew emphasizes the principle of reliance on God's providence through the hospitality of others.

Matthew Henry's Commentary suggests that this verse portrays not only physical hospitality but also spiritual readiness to receive the Gospel.

These commentaries underscore the multifaceted nature of Jesus’ instruction, which involves practical, spiritual, and theological dimensions.