What does Matthew 10:38 mean?

Explanation

The verse Matthew 10:38, "And he that taketh not his cross, and followeth after me, is not worthy of me," speaks to the commitment and sacrifice required of those who wish to follow Jesus.

In a literal sense, carrying a cross in the ancient world symbolized a criminal's journey to their execution, often through public places to serve as a deterrent.

Metaphorically, taking up one's cross means being willing to endure persecution, suffering, and sacrifice for the sake of one's faith in Jesus Christ.

It emphasizes the cost of discipleship and the level of dedication expected from believers.

Historical Context

During the time of Jesus, the cross was a symbol of death and disgrace, associated with the Roman practice of crucifixion.

This punishment was reserved for the worst offenders and was both a tortuous death and a public humiliation.

When Jesus spoke these words, He was foreshadowing not only His own death on the cross but also the challenges His followers would face.

His audience would have understood the gravity of this statement in terms of the persecution and social ostracization they could face as His followers.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse has been interpreted in various ways.

Some see it as a call to total submission to God's will and a willingness to forsake all worldly attachments.

Others view it as a metaphor for the burdens or trials one may bear in life, particularly in the pursuit of living a Christian life.

The 'cross' for each person may be unique, representing personal struggles and the daily ethical choices made in following Jesus' example.

Practical Applications

In practical terms, applying Matthew 10:38 could mean prioritizing spiritual values over material success when they conflict, or it could involve standing firm in one's faith amidst opposition.

It may also inspire Christians to engage in acts of self-denial for the greater good, such as serving others, even when it's inconvenient or comes with personal cost.

It calls on believers to embrace a lifestyle of humility, compassion, and resilience in the face of life's challenges.

Cross-References

• Luke 14:27: "And whosoever doth not bear his cross, and come after me, cannot be my disciple."
• Matthew 16:24: "Then said Jesus unto his disciples, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me."
• Mark 8:34: "And when he had called the people unto him with his disciples also, he said unto them, Whosoever will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me."

Language Study

The key phrase "taketh not his cross" originates from the Greek words "λαμβάνω τὸν σταυρόν" (lambano ton stauron).

The word "λαμβάνω" (lambano) means "to take" or "to receive," and "σταυρόν" (stauron) refers to a "cross" or "stake." In this context, "λαμβάνω" implies an active choice or decision to take up the cross, while "σταυρόν" symbolizes the instrument of suffering and sacrifice.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In other ancient cultures, carrying an instrument of execution might not have held the same resonance as in Roman society.

However, concepts of sacrifice and trials in the service of allegiance to the gods are common.

For example, in some ancient mythologies, heroes undergo significant trials to prove their worthiness.

The idea of enduring hardships for a higher cause or purpose is a theme that spans across many religious traditions.

Scientific Perspectives

While there isn't a direct scientific perspective on the notion of bearing one's cross, psychological studies on altruism and self-sacrifice echo the idea that human beings are capable of enduring personal hardships for the benefit of others or for deeply held beliefs.

The verse might call to mind modern research into the psychological phenomena of resilience and grit, where people show sustained commitment to their goals despite challenges and setbacks.

Commentaries

According to expert commentaries on Matthew 10:38, there is a consensus that this verse serves to set the expectations for the followers of Jesus.

Theologians like John Calvin saw the carrying of the cross as symbolic of the suffering that Christians should be prepared to face.

Matthew Henry's Commentary posits that it is a Christian’s duty to follow Christ even into sufferings, and those who are not prepared to do so cannot be regarded as worthy of Him.

A range of commentaries agree on the seriousness of Jesus' challenge, urging readers to consider the depth of their commitment to their faith.