What does Matthew 2:20 mean?

Explanation

Matthew 2:20 highlights the conclusion of the Flight into Egypt narrative, where Joseph, Mary, and the young Jesus are told by an angel of the Lord to return to Israel.

The verse implies a direct divine intervention to protect the young Jesus from the threat posed by King Herod, who was seeking to kill him.

The verse signifies a pivotal moment marking the end of the family's time in Egypt and the safety to return home, as those who wanted to harm Jesus are now dead.

Historical Context

This verse is situated within the Gospel of Matthew, written around 80-90 CE.

The audience primarily consists of Jewish Christians.

In the historical context, King Herod the Great ruled Judea at the birth of Jesus and was known for his brutal tactics to maintain power, including killing his own children.

The "massacre of the innocents," Herod's order to kill all young male children in Bethlehem, is said to be the reason for the Holy Family's flight to Egypt.

This event is not recorded outside the Gospel of Matthew and has historical uncertainty.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse is often understood through the lens of God's providential care and guidance.

The narrative showcases God's intervention in the lives of His chosen, especially the protection over Jesus as the messianic figure.

From a typological perspective, Jesus's return from Egypt echoes the Exodus of the Israelites, positioning Jesus as a new Moses or a new Israel. Various Christian traditions interpret the fulfillment of Hosea 11:1 "Out of Egypt I called my son," with Jesus as God's son, called out of Egypt.

Practical Applications

Practically, this verse can be taken to mean that God watches over and provides for those in danger or those who trust in Him.

It may encourage believers to be attentive to divine guidance in their lives, especially during times of difficulty or decision-making.

It serves as a reminder of hope that oppressive situations may change and that one can often return home or to normalcy after periods of hardship.

Cross-References

• Hosea 11:1: "When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt."
• Matthew 2:13: "And when they were departed, behold, the angel of the Lord appeareth to Joseph in a dream, saying, Arise, and take the young child and his mother, and flee into Egypt, and be thou there until I bring thee word: for Herod will seek the young child to destroy him."
• Matthew 2:14-15: "When he arose, he took the young child and his mother by night, and departed into Egypt: And was there until the death of Herod: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt have I called my son."
• Exodus 4:19: "And the Lord said unto Moses in Midian, Go, return into Egypt: for all the men are dead which sought thy life."

Language Study

Key terms in the original Greek text:

• "ἐγερθεὶς" (egertheis) translates to "arise," suggesting immediate action or awakening.
• "παῖδιον" (paidion) means "young child," referring to Jesus in His infancy.
• "τεθνήκασιν" (tethnekasin), translated as "are dead," indicating the passing of those who were a threat to Jesus.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparing this verse to other ancient texts and myths, the theme of a divine or heroic figure escaping danger in infancy is noted.

For example, in ancient Greek mythology, Zeus was hidden in a cave to escape being devoured by his father, Cronus.

In Egyptian tradition, pharaohs were considered divine, and narratives about their protection and divinely-ordained rulership are common.

The emphasis on the intervention of deities in protecting important children can be seen in various cultures.

Scientific Perspectives

The verse itself does not directly engage with scientific understandings, as it narrates a historic event believed by the faithful to be supernaturally influenced.

However, some could look at the historical plausibility, archaeological evidence for Herod's reign, and the likelihood of such a journey to Egypt based on what is known about travel and geopolitical realities during the period.

Commentaries

Biblical scholars and theologians offer a range of interpretations on this verse.

Some view it as a literal historical account, while others approach it from a more symbolic or theological perspective, focusing on its fulfillment of prophecy and typological significance.

Experts might compare the themes of Matthew with other Synoptic Gospels and examine its unique contribution to the infancy narratives.

Commentators also reflect on the angel's message as a sign of divine protection and deliverance, drawing parallels between Jesus's escape from danger and the believer's deliverance from sin or spiritual death.