What does Matthew 22:33 mean?

Explanation

Matthew 22:33 details the reaction of a crowd after Jesus has answered a question posed by the Sadducees, a sect that did not believe in the resurrection.

In the preceding verses, the Sadducees asked Jesus a question about the resurrection and marriage, trying to trap him with what they thought was an unsolvable dilemma.

Jesus responded by correcting their misunderstanding of both the resurrection and the Scriptures.

His answer revealed not only a deep understanding of Scriptures but also a teaching about the nature of life after death that was radically different from common beliefs at the time.

The crowd was "astonished" at Jesus' teaching ("doctrine" in the language of the King James Version), indicating that they were amazed, impressed, and possibly challenged by the new perspective he provided.

Historical Context

Matthew 22:33 occurs during the final days of Jesus’ ministry, typically called Passion Week, where he taught in Jerusalem and engaged with various religious leaders.

The Sadducees, who were a religious and political group that held significant power, especially in the temple, were known for their denial of the resurrection, angels, and spirits, which set them apart from the Pharisees, another influential religious sect.

The Sadducees challenged Jesus hoping to discredit him publicly.

The astonishment of the crowd can be attributed to the prevailing belief systems of the time and the temple's influence on Jewish life and thought.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse shows the authority of Jesus in interpreting Scripture and speaking on matters of life, death, and the resurrection.

From a Christian perspective, it emphasizes Jesus' divine wisdom and his role as a teacher who brings new understanding to the Law and the Prophets. The astonishment of the crowd may be indicative of their recognition of his authority and the novelty of his teaching.

This verse is an example of how Jesus fulfills and redefines Jewish theology, arguing not from the standpoint of human tradition or logical traps but from eternal truths.

Practical Applications

The practical application of Matthew 22:33 lies in the recognition of divine authority and the openness to learn and be astonished by spiritual truths that challenge our preconceived notions.

It serves as an encouragement for individuals to be open-minded in their spiritual journeys, to seek truth beyond the traditional confines, and to respect the transformative power of authentic teachings.

Cross-References

• Matthew 22:29 - "Jesus answered and said unto them, Ye do err, not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God."
• Luke 20:27-40 - Another account of the interaction with the Sadducees concerning the resurrection.
• Acts 17:11 - On the Bereans receiving the word with readiness and searching the Scriptures to confirm teachings.
• John 7:46 - Officers say, "Never man spake like this man," regarding Jesus' teaching.

Language Study

The key word in the original Greek language of the New Testament for "astonished" is "ἐξεπλήσσοντο" (exeplessonto), derived from "ekpléssomai".

It means "to be struck with amazement" or "to be astounded." The word "doctrine" translates as "διδαχῇ" (didachē), referring to teaching or instruction.

The intensity of the crowd's reaction implies that Jesus' teaching was not only unexpected but also profound and penetrating.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparisons could be drawn between Jesus' teachings that astonished the crowd and other ancient religious leaders or philosophers who presented ideas that were revolutionary for their time.

For example, Socrates was known to challenge the status quo of Athenian beliefs and practices, leading to his eventual trial.

The reaction to Jesus' teachings can be seen in a similar light, as he challenged the established beliefs of the Sadducees regarding the afterlife.

Scientific Perspectives

The discussion of astonishment and wonder can be connected to modern cognitive science, which examines how new information can challenge existing mental frameworks.

Cognitive dissonance occurs when individuals encounter ideas or facts that conflict with their current beliefs, often leading to a reevaluation of those beliefs.

The crowd’s astonishment may be indicative of this psychological process.

Commentaries

Most biblical commentaries concur that the crowd was astonished because Jesus challenged the Sadducees' understanding with his profound insight into the Scriptures and the nature of God's power.

The Expositor's Bible Commentary notes that Jesus is teaching a more profound spiritual truth that goes beyond the literalist and worldly concerns of the Sadducees.

Matthew Henry's Commentary emphasizes the contrast between Jesus' doctrinal authority and the erroneous teachings of the Sadducees, pointing out the legitimization of Jesus’ mastery of scripture in the eyes of the public.