What does Matthew 22:35 mean?
Explanation
Matthew 22:35 features an encounter between Jesus and a lawyer.
In this context, the term "lawyer" refers to an expert in the Mosaic Law, not a modern legal attorney.
The lawyer poses a question to Jesus with the intention of "tempting" Him, which implies a test or a challenge rather than temptation in the modern sense of enticing to sin.
The lawyer's goal is to see whether Jesus can provide a satisfactory answer according to the Jewish Law.
The broader conversation is a series of interactions where various groups, like the Pharisees and Sadducees, attempt to challenge Jesus' authority and knowledge.
This verse sets the stage for what follows – the famous "Great Commandment" dialogue.
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Historical Context
During the time of Jesus, there was a heightened interest in religious and legal questions among the Jews, especially concerning interpretations of the Law of Moses.
Lawyers, or scribes, were typically associated with the Pharisees and were known for their expertise in the law.
The setting is Jerusalem, and Jesus is teaching in the temple during the week of His crucifixion. His authority had increasingly come into question by religious leaders seeking to undermine His influence among the people.
Theological Insights
From a theological perspective, this verse reflects the Jewish leaders' persistent attempts to test Jesus, which underscores a central theme in the Gospels: the contrast between human authority and Jesus’ divine wisdom.
The passage highlights Jesus' role as teacher and His mastery over the Jewish law, which He not only interprets correctly but also elevates to a higher level of understanding.
Practical Applications
This verse encourages believers to seek wisdom and understanding in religious discussions and to approach theological questions with sincere intent rather than trying to test or trap others. It serves as a sound reminder of the importance of intent in religious discourse.
Cross-References
- Matthew 22:36-40 – This follows up with the question posed by the lawyer and Jesus' response detailing the Great Commandment.
- Luke 10:25-28 – Another account of a lawyer testing Jesus with a similar question about inheriting eternal life.
- Deuteronomy 6:5 – The verse Jesus refers to when He answers the lawyer's question in the succeeding texts.
Language Study
The key words in the original Greek text for this verse provide deeper meaning:
- Lawyer (νομικός, nomikos): This refers to an expert in the Mosaic Law, which encompassed religious, moral, and civil codes.
- Tempting (πειράζων, peirazon): The word here means to test, examine, or try, rather than incite to sin.
Cultural and Religious Comparisons
In many ancient cultures, including the Jewish culture, legal experts held significant authority due to their knowledge of law and religion.
Comparable figures could be found in societies that had a strong integration of religion with social governance, such as the Brahmins in Vedic society or the priestly class in ancient Egypt.
Scientific Perspectives
Scientific perspectives might not directly apply to this verse as it involves a historical account focused on a religious and ethical dialogue.
However, psychological studies on intent and human interaction can provide insight into the motivations behind questioning and the dynamics between religious leaders and Jesus.
commentaries
Commentators have varied perspectives on this event:
- William Barclay notes the hostile environment in which this question was asked and praises Jesus' response as being so masterful that it silenced His challengers.
- John Calvin comments on the lawyer's intent, suggesting that the question was asked not for learning but to trap Jesus, highlighting Jesus’ wisdom in navigating such situations.
- Matthew Henry acknowledges the continuous pattern of the religious leaders trying to challenge Jesus and sees this particular incident as a test of Jesus' understanding of the law, which He surpasses splendidly.