What does John 21:20 mean?

Explanation

John 21:20 is a verse that occurs during a post-resurrection appearance of Jesus Christ to His disciples.

In this scene, Jesus reconfirms Peter's role and future responsibilities.

Peter, recognizing his reinstatement and curious about the fate of his fellow disciples, turns and sees the disciple whom Jesus loved (traditionally identified as John) following them.

This disciple is notably the same one who leaned on Jesus' chest during the Last Supper and asked Jesus the identity of His betrayer.

The verse represents not just an action but also symbolically points to themes of discipleship, loyalty, and destiny.

The fact that John was following them could imply his role as a continuous faithful follower to both Jesus and now Peter.

The reference to him as the one who leaned on Jesus at supper and questioned Jesus about his betrayer indicates a close relationship with Christ and possibly an intimacy and understanding greater than that of the other disciples.

Historical Context

The Gospel of John was written towards the end of the first century, at a time when the early Christian community was defining itself against the backdrop of Judaism from which it had emerged, and facing growing persecution.

This verse is part of John's Gospel which focuses on the spiritual and divine aspects of Jesus' life and teachings. The identity of "the disciple whom Jesus loved" presumably refers to the Apostle John, one of the sons of Zebedee, although this is never explicitly stated in the text.

Theological Insights

Theologically, the verse can be understood from several perspectives:

1. Predestination and Divine Plan: Some theologians might interpret the differing paths of the disciples as evidence of God's unique plan for each individual's life.
2. Apostolic Authority: The acknowledgement of the "disciple whom Jesus loved" can be seen as affirming the closeness and authority of John's testimony and his writings.
3. Christian Fellowship: There is an illustration of enduring fellowship among Jesus' followers, even after His resurrection and impending ascension.

Practical Applications

John 21:20 can inspire practical applications such as:

1. Spiritual Intimacy: Model a close, personal relationship with Christ, as signified by leaning on His breast.
2. Community Awareness: Recognize and respect the different roles each person has within a faith community.
3. Discernment: Exemplify Peter’s inquisitiveness, but also understand that sometimes Jesus may want us to focus on our own path rather than on others'.

Cross-References

• Last Supper and The Beloved Disciple: John 13:23-25
• Jesus Predicting His Betrayal: Matthew 26:21-25
• Peter's Restoration by Jesus: John 21:15-19

Language Study

In the original Greek, "legei ho kyrios" translates to "said, the Lord," highlighting the reverence of Jesus' authority.

"Akoloutheo" means "to follow" and may have both literal and figurative significance, signifying a physical following as well as a spiritual following of Jesus’ teachings and way of life.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In comparing with other ancient religious traditions, a common theme is that of the favored disciple or student, akin to Arjuna in Hindu texts or Ali in Shia Islam, both considered close to their divine teachers and entrusted with carrying forward their message.

Scientific Perspectives

Scientific perspectives usually do not directly relate to the interpretation of historical religious texts unless considering the psychological aspect of relationships and community dynamics within groups, which could be applied to understanding the bonds between Jesus and His disciples.

Commentaries

1. Matthew Henry's Commentary: Henry notes that the closeness of the "disciple whom Jesus loved" to Jesus during the Last Supper likely established trust and encouraged him to ask about the betrayer.
2. The Expositor's Bible Commentary: This commentary might focus on the significance of the relationship dynamics and hierarchy among the disciples, as Peter's concern about John's fate suggests.
3. The New International Commentary on the New Testament: This could emphasize that every disciple has a personal journey with distinct outcomes and challenges commensurate with God's will for them.