What does Matthew 19:10 mean?

Explanation

Matthew 19:10 is a verse that appears within a conversation between Jesus and his disciples about the subject of marriage and divorce.

In this passage, the disciples respond to Jesus's previous teaching where he described the indissolubility of marriage and the conditions where divorce becomes permissible, which is stricter than what was customarily allowed by the Mosaic Law.

The disciples' statement reflects their realization that, given the high standards set by Jesus for marriage, it might be better or easier not to marry at all.

The verse underscores the challenges and responsibilities that come with the covenant of marriage.

Historical Context

The historical context of Matthew 19:10 lies in a 1st-century Jewish setting, where marriage was a central institution, and divorce was allowed under Mosaic Law for certain causes.

However, there were diverse interpretations of what constituted valid grounds for divorce.

Jesus's teaching on marriage and divorce, as recorded in the Gospel of Matthew, contrasts with some more permissive views of his time and asserts a return to the original creation intent where marriage is a lifelong bond.

Theological Insights

Theologically, this verse is interpreted in several ways:

• Some view the disciples' reaction as pointing to the gravity and sanctity of the marriage covenant, which should not be entered into lightly.
• Others consider the verse to suggest that celibacy may be a preferable route for those who wish to avoid the potential complications of marriage, a view that has influenced certain Christian traditions that value monasticism and celibacy.
• Another perspective sees this as a rhetorical device, with the disciples emphasizing the high demands of discipleship.

Practical Applications

In practice, Matthew 19:10 reinforces the importance of considering the weight of marriage vows seriously.

It suggests that individuals should think carefully before entering into marriage and should commit fully once within it. The passage also highlights that a single life, whether voluntarily chosen or by circumstance, can be honorable and full of purpose.

Cross-References

• Matthew 19:5-6: "And said, For this cause shall a man leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they twain shall be one flesh? Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh.

What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder."

• 1 Corinthians 7:8-9: "I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, It is good for them if they abide even as I.

But if they cannot contain, let them marry: for it is better to marry than to burn."

• 1 Corinthians 7:38: "So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better."

Language Study

In this verse, the phrase "If the case of the man be so with his wife" uses the Greek word "logos" (λόγος), traditionally translated into "case" or "matter," which often signifies a word or discourse.

This term indicates the subject of discussion - in this case, the condition or situation of marriage as defined by Jesus.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

The emphasis on the sanctity of marriage in Matthew 19:10 contrasts with various other cultural and religious views on marriage and divorce.

In many Ancient Near Eastern cultures, marriages could often be dissolved more freely compared to the stringent requirements outlined by Jesus.

In contrast, some religious traditions, such as Roman stoicism, offered a more austere view on marriage, aligning more closely with the Christian emphasis on the lifelong commitment.

Scientific Perspectives

From a scientific perspective, the verse does not readily intersect with empirical study.

However, social science research on marriage, divorce, and celibacy may provide data on the relational dynamics and social implications of these lifestyle choices.

Commentaries

Various biblical commentators have offered interpretations of Matthew 19:10:

• William Barclay notes that the disciples' reaction indicates how revolutionary Jesus' teaching on marriage was in contrast to their cultural setting.
• John Gill discusses how the disciples' response shows their understanding of the severity of divorce consequences as taught by Jesus and the potential preference for celibacy.
• Craig Keener emphasizes the extraordinary commitment Jesus requires in marriage, which led the disciples to suggest that not marrying may be a rational response given the strictness of his standard.