What does Philippians 2:8 mean?

Explanation

Philippians 2:8 presents a profound declaration about the nature and actions of Jesus Christ.

This verse emphasizes two main themes: Jesus' incarnation (being found in fashion as a man) and His humility (humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross).

The verse underscores Jesus' willingness to exchange His divine privileges for human limitations, culminating in His ultimate obedience and self-sacrifice on the cross. This leads to an understanding not only of Christ's humanity but also His humility, obedience, and suffering.

Historical Context

Philippians is a letter written by the Apostle Paul to the Christian community in Philippi, a Roman colony in Macedonia.

Philippians 2:8 is part of a larger hymn-like passage (Philippians 2:6-11), often referred to as the 'Kenosis passage' (from the Greek word for "emptying"), which reflects on Jesus' self-emptying in taking on human form and humbling himself to death on a cross.

This was during a time when crucifixion was a common form of execution reserved for slaves and the worst criminals, and thus, it carried a connotation of shame and disgrace.

Theological Insights

From different theological perspectives, this verse has essential implications.

In Orthodox and Catholic traditions, this passage emphasizes the mystery of the Incarnation and the doctrine of kenosis.

In Protestant traditions, it is often used to model Christian humility and servanthood, encouraging believers to emulate Christ's selflessness.

Liberation theology may view this verse as an expression of God's solidarity with the oppressed, as Jesus takes the form of a servant.

The passage also serves to confirm the belief in Jesus' full divinity and humanity in Christian theology.

Practical Applications

The teachings of Philippians 2:8 can be applied in daily life by encouraging believers to practice humility and obedience, following Jesus' example.

It calls Christians to a life of service towards others, putting aside selfish ambitions and valuing others above themselves.

It can also inspire believers to endure hardships with perseverance, knowing that Jesus too endured great suffering for a higher purpose.

Cross-References

• Philippians 2:7: "But made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men:"
• Matthew 26:39: "And he went a little farther, and fell on his face, and prayed, saying, O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me: nevertheless not as I will, but as thou wilt."
• Isaiah 53:3-5: "He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not."
• Hebrews 12:2: "Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God."
• Romans 5:19: "For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous."

Language Study

In the original Greek, key terms include:

• "σχήματι" (schemati) translated as "fashion" or "appearance," emphasizing Jesus' true humanity.
• "ἐταπείνωσεν" (etapeinōsen) translated as "he humbled," indicating a voluntary lowering of status.
• "γενόμενος" (genomenos) translated as "becoming," a term that signifies transition or change.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

Comparisons could be drawn with other ancient myths where deities take on human form, such as in Greek or Egyptian mythology.

However, in those myths, the gods often seek personal gain or adventure, unlike the Christian narrative where Jesus' incarnation is purposefully sacrificial.

Additionally, in other religions, leaders or deities may not aim to demonstrate the profound level of humility and obedience seen in Jesus' example.

Scientific Perspectives

While Philippians 2:8 does not address scientific concepts directly, discussions could arise in the context of understanding the human experience, psychology of altruism, and the nature of sacrifice.

From a scientific standpoint, the verse could inspire discussions on human behavioral biology, the effects of practicing humility on the human brain, and socio-biological implications of selfless behavior.

Commentaries

Many biblical scholars view Philippians 2:8 as central to Christian theology.

Commentators like Gordon Fee and N.T.

Wright emphasize the paradox of Jesus' deity and submission to death, which subverts worldly concepts of power and glory.

A common theme among various experts is that this verse encapsulates the profound mystery of the Incarnation and Christ's exemplary role in demonstrating divine love through humble service and obedience.