What does Acts 7:23 mean?

Explanation

Acts 7:23 speaks of a significant moment in the life of Moses, a key figure in both Christian and Jewish traditions.

This verse occurs in the midst of a speech given by Stephen, one of the first deacons of the Christian Church, as he addresses the Sanhedrin, the Jewish council, before his martyrdom.

The "forty years old" phrase signifies a period of maturity and fullness of life for Moses.

The text indicates that at this age, Moses felt a calling or inner compulsion to connect with the Israelites, his fellow Hebrews, who were slaves in Egypt at the time.

The verse underscores the start of Moses's transition from his life as an Egyptian prince to a leader of the Hebrews, although at this stage, he was not yet their deliverer as his initial efforts do not go as planned.

Historical Context

The Book of Acts was written by Luke, traditionally considered a companion of the Apostle Paul, and is a continuation of the Gospel of Luke.

Acts 7:23 falls within a speech by Stephen, recounting the history of the Israelites and God's dealings with them.

Moses, born a Hebrew but raised in Pharaoh’s household, is presented at the age of 40, which for many cultures, including the ancient Jews, represented an age of wisdom and responsibility.

The context is a time when the Israelites were oppressed and enslaved by the Egyptians, which aligns with the narrative found in the Book of Exodus.

Theological Insights

Various theological perspectives interpret this verse differently. In traditional Christian theology, Moses is viewed as a prefiguration of Jesus Christ. Moses's desire to visit and aid his brethren is sometimes seen as a type of Christ's mission to the world.

From a historical-critical viewpoint, this age of 40 might be symbolic, emphasizing Moses's readiness for leadership. In Judaism, Moses is not only a historical figure but also a spiritual and moral exemplar whose life is seen as an inspiration for personal growth and communal leadership.

Practical Applications

Acts 7:23 reminds believers of the importance of identifying with and aiding those who are oppressed or in need.

It encourages the idea that there may be divinely appointed times for individuals to step into their calling or take action on behalf of others.

The lesson from Moses's example is that of attentiveness to an internal sense of duty to one's community, irrespective of one's current position or status.

Cross-References

• Exodus 2:11-12: "And it came to pass in those days, when Moses was grown, that he went out unto his brethren, and looked on their burdens: and he spied an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one of his brethren."
• Hebrews 11:24-25: "By faith Moses, when he was come to years, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter; Choosing rather to suffer affliction with the people of God, than to enjoy the pleasures of sin for a season;"
• Acts 7:25-26: "For he supposed his brethren would have understood how that God by his hand would deliver them: but they understood not."

Language Study

The New Testament was written in Greek.

The word "visit" in this verse is translated from the Greek word "ἐπισκέπτεσθαι" (episkeptesthai), which can mean "to look upon" or "take care of," suggesting not only an act of seeing but also one of concern or taking action.

"Heart" from "καρδία" (kardia), refers not only to the physical organ but often to the inner self, including one's thoughts and emotions, reflecting a decision-making process.

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In other ancient cultures, figures similar to Moses are sometimes found, where a hero rises from obscurity to lead their people.

For example, Sargon of Akkad has a birth legend similar to Moses's, and Romulus, the founder of Rome, was said to have been drawn to his people after being raised by others.

In terms of religious comparisons, figures in other religions also undergo significant callings at critical ages, such as the Buddha or Muhammad, who experienced pivotal revelations that led them to their prophetic roles.

Scientific Perspectives

The significance of the age of 40 might be analyzed from a developmental psychology perspective, where it often coincides with midlife, a time associated with reflection and potential redirection in an individual's life.

Scientifically, this age is typically seen as a period of mature cognitive, emotional, and social development, which could correspond to a person's preparedness for new, significant life tasks like leadership.

Commentaries

Many biblical commentators have reflected on this verse and the context in which it is situated.

Matthew Henry's commentary highlights Moses’s great potential within Egypt and yet his greater calling to be with the Hebrews.

This illustrates a sacrifice for a noble cause.

Adam Clarke's commentary emphasizes that Moses made the choice to visit his people out of faith and implies a divine impulse guiding him.

John Calvin notes the providence of God in preparing Moses for his role by having him experience both Egyptian royalty and the hardship of the Israelites.

These commentaries often focus on Moses's transition from a privileged life to one of purpose and service.