What does Matthew 21:17 mean?

Explanation

Matthew 21:17 describes Jesus Christ leaving the city of Jerusalem and going to Bethany, where he spent the night.

This action occurs after a day that included Jesus’s triumphal entry into Jerusalem and his cleansing of the temple, where he overturned the tables of the money changers.

By leaving the bustling city of Jerusalem and retiring to Bethany for the night, Jesus symbolically separates himself from the religious authorities and the center of Jewish religious life.

This verse also reflects Jesus's human needs for rest and retreat, as well as his connection to Bethany, where he had friends such as Lazarus, Martha, and Mary.

Historical Context

During the time of this account, Bethany was a small village located on the eastern slope of the Mount of Olives, about two miles from Jerusalem.

In the context of the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus's activities were leading up to the events of his passion.

The timeline indicates this event occurred during the week leading up to his crucifixion.

The cultural and religious atmosphere of Jerusalem during this period was charged with anticipation and tension due to the Passover feast, a time when Jews remembered their liberation from Egyptian bondage.

Theological Insights

From a theological standpoint, Jesus's withdrawal to Bethany may be seen as an act that illustrates his strategic retreat for reflection and prayer.

Some might interpret Jesus going to Bethany as an act of respite from the challenges he faced in Jerusalem.

Furthermore, the movement from Jerusalem to Bethany and vice versa can be seen as Christ's way of manifesting his kingship, not through political power but through humble service and sacrifice, represented by his subsequent actions leading to the crucifixion.

Practical Applications

The verse encourages believers to find their own "Bethany", a place of refuge and renewal.

It suggests the importance of balance between work and rest, engagement with the community, and time for seclusion and meditation.

In a busy world, this teaching underscores the value of seeking moments of peace to rejuvenate oneself spiritually and physically.

Cross-References

• Mark 11:11: "And Jesus entered into Jerusalem, and into the temple: and when he had looked round about upon all things, and now the eventide was come, he went out unto Bethany with the twelve."
• Luke 21:37 - "And in the day time he was teaching in the temple; and at night he went out, and abode in the mount that is called the Mount of Olives."
• John 11:1 - "Now a certain man was sick, named Lazarus, of Bethany, the town of Mary and her sister Martha."

Language Study

In the original Greek, the verb translated as "he left them" is ἀφίησι (aphiēsi), which can also mean "he sent them away" or "forgave them", suggesting a deliberate departure.

The phrase "went out of the city" uses the Greek word ἐξήλθεν (exēlthen), emphasizing the action of going out or exiting. Bethany is Βηθανία (Bēthania) in Greek, and the word "lodged" is κατέλυσεν (katelusen), which could also mean "he stayed" or "he made his dwelling".

Cultural and Religious Comparisons

In comparison to other ancient myths and religious traditions, the act of a religious figure seeking respite or going to a secluded place is not unique to Christianity.

In many traditions, prophets, gods, or holy men withdraw from society to seek enlightenment, offer prayers, or prepare for an important event.

For example, figures like Buddha and Muhammad had their periods of seclusion and meditation.

Scientific Perspectives

From a modern scientific perspective, the need for rest and a change of environment, as exemplified by Jesus's departure to Bethany, aligns with the understanding of restorative practices for mental health and stress management.

Secular research on mindfulness and retreats supports the concept of taking time away from daily stressors to promote well-being.

Commentaries

Various Biblical scholars and commentators have provided insights into Matthew 21:17:

• William Barclay notes that Bethany was a place where Jesus had loving friends and a welcoming home, something which was a contrast to the antagonism he faced in Jerusalem.
• John Calvin suggests that Jesus left the city to demonstrate that he did not need the accompaniments of royalty and that his kingdom was different from earthly dominions.
• Albert Barnes highlights the probable practical reasons for staying in Bethany during the nights of Holy Week.

He explains that the small village was free from the tumult and dangers that might accrue in the more politically charged and crowded city of Jerusalem.

• Matthew Henry emphasizes that Christ's retirement to Bethany shows his desire to be with his friends in times of distress, as well as his need to prepare for the great work he was about to accomplish, his own sacrifice.

These commentaries reflect a diversity of interpretations and applications of the verse, encompassing practical, theological, and devotional aspects.